Moringa oleifera Aluminum Tolerance Produced by Gamma Irradiation through In Vitro Culture

Moringa oleifera Linn. is a plant with significant potential as a functional food. For mutation, the gamma rays irradiation has been proven effective in producing prominent characteristics such as tolerance to aluminum (Al) stress. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the genetic variability of M. oleifera plant by exposing to gamma rays irradiation at various doses. Selection of Al tolerant genotypes was carried out in in vitro under Al stress conditions by adding AlCl₃ to the media at the rate of 0, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/L. The selection was made for prominent accessions of M. oleifera capable of producing high yields under abiotic stress conditions. In addition to agronomic parameters, the organic acids content were observed to select the tolerant accessions with metabolic profile of Al stress tolerant accessions. Gamma irradiation applied to M. oleifera shoot culture produced new traits, as shown by the molecular dendrogram of ISSR markers, where the 10 and 20 Gy treatments had varied genetic diversity compared to the wild type. Additionally, gamma irradiation at 10 and 20 Gy increased the tolerance of M. oleifera culture to 100 and 250 mg/L of AlCl₃.

Rudiyanto, Purwito A, Efendi D, Martin AF (2025). Moringa oleifera aluminum tolerance produced by gamma irradiation through in vitro culture. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 57(2): 708-718. 

Link DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2025.57.2.27.

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Metabolite Profiling of Moringa Using Py-GCMS and Tolerance Evaluation to Aluminum on In Vitro Culture

 

    Moringa oleifera Linn. has received substantial scientific interest due to its numerous bioactive compounds and its function as a nutritional resource. The absorption of aluminum by plants hinders several metabolic and physiological processes, leading to inhibited plant development and decreased agricultural output. Some accessions from different regions in Indonesia were evaluated to identify those with tolerance to aluminum (Al) stress. Al-tolerant selection was carried out in vitro through the selection method for Al stress by adding 0, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/L of AlCl3 to the media. Furthermore, identifying the metabolite profile of four M. oleifera accessions from four distinct regions in Indonesia: Blora, Bogor, Enrekang, and Bima, has been done using Py-GCMS. Specific metabolites associated with tolerance to Al stress and organic acids need to be identified. The highest survival rate was observed in the Bogor and Blora accessions when exposed to AlCl₃ at concentrations ranging from 0 to 250 mg/L, demonstrating greater tolerance to AlCl₃ than other accessions based on various variable, such as shoot height, number of shoots, number of petioles on a medium containing 100 to 250 mg/L of AlCl₃. The mean value was not statistically different from the control. Acetic acid was identified as one of the metabolites associated with AlCl₃ stress. A total of 21 metabolites were specifically correlated with acetic acid in a positive manner, among which 8 metabolites including cyclopentene, 2-allyphenol, 4-ethynyl-6-8-dioxane, vinyl ether, ethanone 1-oxiranyl, 2-methylpyridine, 2-butanone, and ethanesulfonic acid exhibited a very high correlation.

Rudiyanto, Purwito, A. P., Efendi, D., & Martin, A. (2025). Metabolite Profiling of Moringa Using Py-Gcms and Tolerance Evaluation to Aluminum on In Vitro Culture. Biotropia, 32(1): 47–56. 

Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2025.32.1.2354

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Induction and Proliferation of Moringa oleifera Somatic Embryo Callus using Solid Liquid and Temporary Immersion System

Moringa oleifera Lam., a promising functional food, can be propagated rapidly through somatic embryogenesis technique. This method has advantages, such as rapid seed generation, absence of a dormant phase, and bipolar cotyledons. The induction of M. oleifera callus involves plant growth regulators, the type of explants, and the media used. In this study, we investigated the effects of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L of BAP and picloram on inducing embryonic callus in M. oleifera plants. Additionally, we examined the impact of amino acids such as proline, glutamine, and cysteine on the proliferation stage of the embryonic callus. The results showed that 1 mg/L BAP and picloram significantly enhanced callus induction, as indicated by increased callus diameter, weight, and volume. The growth of M. oleifera callus was also influenced by the concentration of amino acids. The optimal proliferation callus was achieved using 200 mg/L of proline in Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) medium with the Temporary Immersion System (TIS). Furthermore, embryogenic callus was generated using 200 mg/L proline, 50 mg/L glutamine, and 50 and 100 mg/L cysteine. The addition of 200 mg/L proline to DKW yielded the best results in TIS.

Rudiyanto, Purwito A, Efendi D, Martin AF. 2024. Induction and proliferation of Moringa oleifera somatic embryo callus using solid liquid and temporary immersion system. IJAB 32(3):294-300.

 

Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.2204

 

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Growth and Proline Accumulation in Response to Osmotic Stress Induced by Polyethylene Glycol Treatment in Tacca leontopetaloides Cultured In Vitro

 

Tacca leontopetaloides known as Polynesian arrowroot is a wild tuberous perennial herb. In addition, T. leontopetaloides is a valuable plant not only as staple food but also as a medicinal herb. Nonetheless, there are very few literatures and research on the potential of this plant. In this study, the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as stress osmoticum in T. leontopetaloides cultured in vitro on growth and proline accumulation was investigated. The shoot culture of T. leontopetaloides was subjected to six levels of PEG concentrations (2.5; 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5 and 15%). Growth parameter was evaluated by observing shoot height, number of shoots, number of leaves and number of roots for 6 weeks of culture. After 6 weeks of culture, fresh weight and proline content were determined. The results showed that number of shoots and number of leaves increased after 2.5% PEG treatment while number of roots increased after 5% PEG treatment. Conversely, higher concentrations of PEG inhibited growth. In line with this, culture fresh weight decreased along with the increase of PEG concentrations. To summarize, the growth of culture decreased along with the increase of PEG concentrations. In contrast, proline concentration increased along with the increase of PEG concentrations.

Martin, A. F., Hapsari, B. W., Rudiyanto, R., & Ermayanti, T. M. (2018). Growth and proline accumulation in response to osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol treatment in Tacca leontopetaloides cultured in vitro.

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