Moringa oleifera Aluminum Tolerance Produced by Gamma Irradiation through In Vitro Culture

Moringa oleifera Linn. is a plant with significant potential as a functional food. For mutation, the gamma rays irradiation has been proven effective in producing prominent characteristics such as tolerance to aluminum (Al) stress. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the genetic variability of M. oleifera plant by exposing to gamma rays irradiation at various doses. Selection of Al tolerant genotypes was carried out in in vitro under Al stress conditions by adding AlCl₃ to the media at the rate of 0, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/L. The selection was made for prominent accessions of M. oleifera capable of producing high yields under abiotic stress conditions. In addition to agronomic parameters, the organic acids content were observed to select the tolerant accessions with metabolic profile of Al stress tolerant accessions. Gamma irradiation applied to M. oleifera shoot culture produced new traits, as shown by the molecular dendrogram of ISSR markers, where the 10 and 20 Gy treatments had varied genetic diversity compared to the wild type. Additionally, gamma irradiation at 10 and 20 Gy increased the tolerance of M. oleifera culture to 100 and 250 mg/L of AlCl₃.

Rudiyanto, Purwito A, Efendi D, Martin AF (2025). Moringa oleifera aluminum tolerance produced by gamma irradiation through in vitro culture. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 57(2): 708-718. 

Link DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2025.57.2.27.

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Metabolite Profiling of Moringa Using Py-GCMS and Tolerance Evaluation to Aluminum on In Vitro Culture

 

    Moringa oleifera Linn. has received substantial scientific interest due to its numerous bioactive compounds and its function as a nutritional resource. The absorption of aluminum by plants hinders several metabolic and physiological processes, leading to inhibited plant development and decreased agricultural output. Some accessions from different regions in Indonesia were evaluated to identify those with tolerance to aluminum (Al) stress. Al-tolerant selection was carried out in vitro through the selection method for Al stress by adding 0, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/L of AlCl3 to the media. Furthermore, identifying the metabolite profile of four M. oleifera accessions from four distinct regions in Indonesia: Blora, Bogor, Enrekang, and Bima, has been done using Py-GCMS. Specific metabolites associated with tolerance to Al stress and organic acids need to be identified. The highest survival rate was observed in the Bogor and Blora accessions when exposed to AlCl₃ at concentrations ranging from 0 to 250 mg/L, demonstrating greater tolerance to AlCl₃ than other accessions based on various variable, such as shoot height, number of shoots, number of petioles on a medium containing 100 to 250 mg/L of AlCl₃. The mean value was not statistically different from the control. Acetic acid was identified as one of the metabolites associated with AlCl₃ stress. A total of 21 metabolites were specifically correlated with acetic acid in a positive manner, among which 8 metabolites including cyclopentene, 2-allyphenol, 4-ethynyl-6-8-dioxane, vinyl ether, ethanone 1-oxiranyl, 2-methylpyridine, 2-butanone, and ethanesulfonic acid exhibited a very high correlation.

Rudiyanto, Purwito, A. P., Efendi, D., & Martin, A. (2025). Metabolite Profiling of Moringa Using Py-Gcms and Tolerance Evaluation to Aluminum on In Vitro Culture. Biotropia, 32(1): 47–56. 

Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2025.32.1.2354

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Induction and Proliferation of Moringa oleifera Somatic Embryo Callus using Solid Liquid and Temporary Immersion System

Moringa oleifera Lam., a promising functional food, can be propagated rapidly through somatic embryogenesis technique. This method has advantages, such as rapid seed generation, absence of a dormant phase, and bipolar cotyledons. The induction of M. oleifera callus involves plant growth regulators, the type of explants, and the media used. In this study, we investigated the effects of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L of BAP and picloram on inducing embryonic callus in M. oleifera plants. Additionally, we examined the impact of amino acids such as proline, glutamine, and cysteine on the proliferation stage of the embryonic callus. The results showed that 1 mg/L BAP and picloram significantly enhanced callus induction, as indicated by increased callus diameter, weight, and volume. The growth of M. oleifera callus was also influenced by the concentration of amino acids. The optimal proliferation callus was achieved using 200 mg/L of proline in Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) medium with the Temporary Immersion System (TIS). Furthermore, embryogenic callus was generated using 200 mg/L proline, 50 mg/L glutamine, and 50 and 100 mg/L cysteine. The addition of 200 mg/L proline to DKW yielded the best results in TIS.

Rudiyanto, Purwito A, Efendi D, Martin AF. 2024. Induction and proliferation of Moringa oleifera somatic embryo callus using solid liquid and temporary immersion system. IJAB 32(3):294-300.

 

Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.2204

 

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In Vitro Shoot Growth and Root Formation Enhancement of Moringa oleifera Linn. on DKW Medium Containing Cytokinins and Auxins

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Linn.) is a popular plant as a functional food crop. In micropropagation, modifying the medium culture is critical to determine the best nutrient composition for plantlet production. The antecedent research showed that the basic DKW (Driver and Kuniyaki Walnut) medium was the best compared to MS (Murashige and Skoog), WPM (Woody Plant Medium), NN (Nitsch and Nitsch), and B5 (Gamborg) media. This experiment aimed to enhance the growth of shoot culture and its root formation on a basic DKW medium supplemented with cytokinins and auxins. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment was designed to obtain the best medium for shoot growth by adding cytokinin BAP, Kinetin, 2-IP, and Zeatin. The use of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid), and IBA (3-indolebutyric acid) to enhance root formation was set for the second experiment. A completely randomized design with two elements was utilized for the experiment. The variables tried were: Plant Growth Regulators (PGR): BAP, Kinetin, 2-IP, and Zeatin with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/l for shoot development and IAA, NAA, and IBA at a similar concentration for root arrangement. Every treatment comprised of 12 recreates. The factors noticed were shoot stature, shoot numbers, petiole numbers, root numbers, and root length noticed one time per week. Following a month and a half after culture, plantlet performance were recorded. The best shoot stature, shoot numbers, and petiole numbers were created on a medium enhanced with 1 mg/l Kinetin and significantly unique with others. The most significant roots and root length were created at 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l IAA.

Rudiyanto, R., Purwito, A., Efendi, D., & Ermayanti, T. M. (2023, January). In vitro shoot growth and root formation enhancement of Moringa oleifera Linn. on DKW medium containing cytokinins and auxins. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2606, No. 1). AIP Publishing.

Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0118345

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Growth Response of Four Acccessions of Moringa oleifera Linn Shoots Cultured on Various Basic Media

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Linn) has a highly considerable nutritional value. The conventional propagation of Moringa has limitation. Propagation through tissue culture offers uniform transplants, and free of pests and diseases. Selection of basic medium is a critical point to find out the best medium compositions for micropropagation. The research was aimed to investigate growth response of M. oleifera shoots cultured on several basic media. The experimental design was factorial complete random design with two factors i.e. types of basic medium (MS, WPM, DKW, NN, and B5) in combination with accessions of M. oleifera: Bogor, Pekalongan, Bima and Blora. Each treatment consisted of 12 replicates. The growth variables observed were shoot height, number of shoots, number of petioles, number of roots, fresh weight, dry weight of plantlets, and plantlet performance. The growth observation was carried out every week. The results showed that type of basic medium significantly affected shoot height, number of petioles, fresh weight, dry weight, and number of shoots, but, it did not significantly affect the number of roots. The accessions significantly affected shoot height, number of petioles, number of roots, fresh weight, and dry weight, but, did not significantly affect number of shoots. The ANOVA showed an interaction between basic medium in combination with accessions on all growth variables observed. The highest shoot height (13,97 cm), number of petioles (12,33), and number of roots (8.33) were achieved on DKW basic medium on Bima and Pekalongan accessions, while the highest number of shoots (6.33) was found in NN medium.

Rudiyanto, Purwito, A., Efendi, D., & Ermayanti, T. M. (2021). Growth response of four accessions of Moringa oleifera Linn shoots cultured on various basic media. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 741, No. 1, p. 012054). IOP Publishing.

Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/741/1/012054

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