Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Doulu is a local garlic variety native to Doulu Village, Simalungun, NorthSumatra, Indonesia. Traditionally, A. sativum cv. Doulu is propagated using tubers, a method that is inefficientand prone to pest and disease. An alternative propagation technique involves the use of somatic embryogenesisvia callus proliferation in in vitro culture. This approach facilitates the production of uniform, pest and diseasefree, ensures genetic stability, and enables more rapid propagation. This study aimed to enhance the proliferationof somatic embryo callus in A. sativum cv. Doulu by integrating various amino acids and sucrose concentrations.A completely randomized factorial design was employed. The first factor was sucrose concentration, tested atthree levels (20, 30, and 40 g L-1), and the second factor comprised amino acids, specifically proline, glutamine,and cysteine at 200 mg L-1. The assessed variables included callus diameter, weight, volume, percentage ofembryogenic callus, somatic embryo developmental stages, and callus proliferation. The combination of 40 g L-1sucrose and glutamine yielded optimal results, with calli predominantly advancing to the globular and heartdevelopmental stages. This treatment produced the highest callus diameter (2.10 ± 0.08 cm), weight (0.81 ± 0.06mg), and volume (1.1 ± 0.10 mL). Glutamine was identified as the most effective amino acid for promotingcallus growth across all sucrose levels, followed by cysteine and proline. The control group consistentlyexhibited the lowest values across all measured parameters. Glutamine also had the most substantial effect onsucrose and glucose content, as determined by HPLC analysis.
Rudiyanto, Noorrohmah, S., Sari, L., Wulansari, A., Maulana, E., Rantau, D. E., Ibrahim, M. S. D., Diningrat, D. S. (2026). Enhancing somaticembryogenesis in Allium sativum L. cv. doulu: the impact of sucrose concentrations and amino acid types on callus proliferation and development. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 23(1): 236-249.
Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1684394
